Canonical frameworks Thọ (Phật giáo)

 Hình 2:
Năm uẩn (pañca khandha)
dựa theo kinh điển Pali.
 
 
sắc (rūpa)
 4 yếu tố
(mahābhūta)
 
 
  
  xúc
(phassa)
    ↓
 
thức
(viññāna)

 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 tâm sở (cetasika) 
 
thọ
(vedanā)

 
 
 
tưởng
(sañña)

 
 
 
hành
(saṅkhāra)

 
 
 
 
 Nguồn: MN 109 (Thanissaro, 2001)  |  chi tiết bản mẫu

Bản mẫu:SamadhiBhavanaVedanā is a pivotal phenomenon in the following frequently identified frameworks of the Pali canon:

  • the "five aggregates"
  • the twelve conditions of "dependent origination"
  • the four "foundations of mindfulness"

Mental aggregate

Vedanā is one of the five aggregates (Skt.: skandha; Pali: khandha) of clinging (Skt., Pali: upādāna; see Figure 2 to the right). In the canon, as indicated above, feeling arises from the contact of a sense organ, sense object and consciousness.

Central condition

In the Chain of Conditioned Arising (Skt: pratītyasamutpāda; Pali: paṭiccasamuppāda), the Buddha explains that:

  • vedanā arises with contact (phassa) as its condition
  • vedanā acts as a condition for craving (Pali: taṇhā; Skt.: tṛṣṇā).[13]

In the post-canonical 5th-century Visuddhimagga, feeling (vedana) is identified as simultaneously and inseparably arising from consciousness (viññāṇa) and the mind-and-body (nāmarūpa).[14] On the other hand, while this text identifies feeling as decisive to craving and its mental sequelae leading to suffering, the conditional relationship between feeling and craving is not identified as simultaneous nor as being karmically necessary.[15]

Mindfulness base

Throughout the canon, there are references to the four "foundations of mindfulness" (satipaṭṭhāna): the body (kāya), feelings (vedanā), mind states (citta) and mental experiences (dhammā). These four foundations are recognized among the seven sets of qualities conducive to enlightenment (bodhipakkhiyādhammā). The use of vedanā and the other satipaṭṭhāna in Buddhist meditation practices can be found in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta and the Ānāpānasati Sutta.

Wisdom practices

Each mode of vedanā is accompanied by its corresponding underlying tendency or obsession (anusaya). The underlying tendency for pleasant vedanā is the tendency toward lust, for unpleasant, the tendency toward aversion, and for neither pleasant nor unpleasant, the tendency toward ignorance.[16]

In the Canon it is stated that meditating with concentration (samādhi) on vedanā can lead to deep mindfulness (sati) and clear comprehension (sampajañña) (see Table to the right).[17] With this development, one can experience directly within oneself the reality of impermanence (anicca) and the nature of attachment (upādāna). This in turn can ultimately lead to liberation of the mind (nibbāna).

Liên quan

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Thọ (Phật giáo) https://books.google.com/books?id=ACrogsyJmoAC&q=V... http://www.zolag.co.uk/Cetasikas/html_node/Feeling... https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/lam-... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn36/sn... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.148.... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn22/sn... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn25/sn... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.059.... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn36/sn... http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn36/sn...